- Varicocele: A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle and is a common cause of low sperm count.
- Hormonal Imbalance: Imbalances in hormones such as testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinising hormone (LH) can affect sperm production.
- Genetic Factors: Genetic abnormalities, such as Klinefelter syndrome or Y chromosome microdeletions, can lead to reduced sperm production.
- Undescended Testicles: When one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum during fetal development, it can affect sperm production and quality.
- Infections: Certain infections, such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or inflammation of the reproductive organs, can interfere with sperm production.
- Exposure to Environmental Factors: Prolonged exposure to environmental factors like pesticides, heavy metals, radiation, or chemicals can impact sperm production.
- Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, cystic fibrosis, or autoimmune disorders can affect sperm production and fertility.
- Medications: Some medications, including chemotherapy drugs, testosterone replacement therapy, and certain antibiotics, can lower sperm count temporarily or permanently.
- Lifestyle Factors: Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use, obesity, poor diet, and high levels of stress can all contribute to low sperm count.
- Age:Advanced age can lead to declining sperm count and quality.
- Overheating of the Testicles: Prolonged exposure to high temperatures, such as frequent use of saunas or hot tubs, wearing tight clothing, or prolonged sitting, can reduce sperm production
- Stress: Chronic stress can affect hormone levels, including testosterone, which may impact sperm production.